Monster Media 1996 #15

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NoteWorthy 2 Manual release 1.0 Page 1 CONTENTS 1 What is NoteWorthy?...............................2 2 For those who don't read manuals..................3 3 Getting started...................................4 4 The file selection screen.........................5 5 Basic Principles..................................6 6 The screen........................................8 7 Defining your system.............................10 8 Typing in music..................................11 9 Viewpoints and moving around.....................16 10 Getting help.....................................18 11 Adding text......................................19 12 Adding lines and curves..........................21 13 Adding symbols...................................23 14 Altering existing music..........................24 15 Moving, Copying and deleting.....................25 16 Layout and formatting............................26 17 File saving and loading..........................30 18 Printing.........................................32 19 Transposing......................................35 20 Using the Mouse..................................36 21 Frequently-Asked Questions.......................38 Appendix A: The menu options.....................42 Appendix B: NWSETUP and NW2.INI..................46 Appendix C: For computer novices.................47 Appendix D: Names and paths......................48 Appendix E: Making the program run faster........49 Appendix F: Note Styles..........................50 Appendix F: Removing NoteWorthy from your system.51 NoteWorthy 2 Manual release 1.0 Page 2 1. What is NoteWorthy? How often have good, well-thought-out musical ideas been spoiled in performance by mistakes in reading? How often is this not the fault of the performer, so much as a difficult-to-read copy? The remedy is NoteWorthy. NoteWorthy is a music printing and editing program for serious music writers - composers, arrangers and copyists who need to communicate their ideas to performing musicians by producing the clearest and most easy-to-read music possible. It is rather like a good word-processing program which produces musical notation as well as words. It is WYSIWYG - which means that what is on the screen appears on the printout (no unexpected shifting of text or symbols). But even better is the fact that the control of the layout and spacing is entirely at the discretion of the writer! The program doesn't dictate to you where characters must appear; instead they can be micro- spaced to exactly where you want them! Transposing? No problem! Once you've correctly entered a piece of music you can save it, then transpose - including chord symbols - either the whole piece of selected staves either up or down, as far as you wish, at the press of a couple of buttons. Now save your transposed work as a new file and Bingo! You have copies in up to twelve different keys! Furthermore, NoteWorthy music can be incorporated into word-processing files - a boon for those who write music tutors or collections. Thanks are due to Mike Muston, a long-time NoteWorthy user, for this introduction. Technical details The system works on monochrome and Hercules, colour or monochrome EGA and VGA video systems, and will work with or without a mouse. A setup program is provided to customise your package to your video, printer and computer systems. It needs a hard disk to be seen to best advantage. Since it uses the disk extensively during operation, the use of a disk cache is highly recommended: see page 49 for fuller details. It drives common 9- and 24-pin printers (but gives far superior quality output on the latter), and other systems which can emulate them, such as bubble-jets. It can operate a Laserjet-compatible printer in 150dpi or 300dpi modes. These are directly comparable to the 9- and 24-pin modes and are referred to as "draft" and " normal resolution" in this documentation. NoteWorthy 2 Manual release 1.0 Page 3 2. For those who Don't read manuals Getting started quickly: four steps 1 Run the installation program INSTALL on the distribution disk, This will place the following files on the nominated subdirectory of your target disk. You can select the option to run the setup program NWSETUP and launch NoteWorthy (NW2) straight away, or just run NW2 straight away, in which case the program will ask if it may run NWSETUP for you! Windows users can install with the program WINSTALL on the distribution disk. This can be run from the Program Manager by selecting File Run and giving the filename A:\WINSTALL. The installation process copies files to the nominated subdirectory and optionally creates a new program group with five icons. You should select NWSETUP as the first program to run, although running the first icon for NoteWorthy will cause the program to ask to run the setup program initially anyway. 2 See Appendix A (page 42) for further details of NWSETUP. The most important options are to set your printer type and video type, although on most computers NWSETUP guesses your video type correctly. If you are not using an extended keyboard then you should set this option too. Then select Finish and Save and Exit. Note that Windows users will also need to set up printer and video as NoteWorthy is a DOS program. 3 If you requested it at step 1 above then the main program NW2 will run. If not, simply type NW2 to continue. (Windows users double- click the NoteWorthy icon). 4 At the opening screen select New File (with Enter), and press Alt- F1 to follow the tutorial. There are some demonstration files supplied with this product, and these will appear at the main program screen as an alternative to the New File option. These are not listed here as they will change with various releases of NoteWorthy, but they are all copyright-free and can be printed, examined or amended as the case may be. ...and for those who read manuals very closely There is an Addendum feature in NoteWorthy 2, press sh-F1 when the program is loaded to see how your version is an improvement on the manual. Or you can print out the NW2.ADD file as it's a simple text file. NoteWorthy 2 Manual release 1.0 Page 4 3. Getting Started Hard disk installation (DOS) From the distribution floppy disk run the program INSTALL on the disk, eg A:INSTALL In most cases the default options shown will be ideal, but increasing use of multiple hard disk volumes may mean that you want to install on drive D: or even E: or more. Selecting the second option gives a list of drives which exist on your computer for you to select. If there is insufficient room on your selected target disk then the 'Installation Options' will flash, but you may continue as the program does not know whether you will be overwriting an existing NoteWorthy installation and thus saving space. Again, the recommended target directory for NoteWorthy is \NW2 but it may be that you already have another application using such a directory. In this case you could choose another subdirectory by typing a replacement name. When you have completed selections then you can select the 'Finish' option, and choose to Abandon, Install only, Install and Configure, or Install, configure and run. NoteWorthy 2 Manual release 1.0 Page 5 4. The File Selection Screen The program is started from DOS with the command NW2 The file selection screen is then seen. It contains a list of files in the current directory with extension ".NW" which the program expects to be NoteWorthy data files. At the end of this list the other subdirectories and drives are listed, including the DOS pseudo- directory ".." . By moving the cursor with the arrow keys and selecting with Enter you can do one of a number of things: 1 Select a directory name (shown as terminating with the \ character) to move into that subdirectory. 2 Selecting the directory "..\" to move to the parent directory 3 Selecting another disk (eg [A:]) to move to that device 4 Selecting the first option "New file" to start a new document. 5 Selecting one of the other .NW files will load that file for editing. 6 The files in this file list which have an extension other than plain ".NW" represent other associated files. For example, sections of music which represent partial saves have the extension ".NW$" and will be listed here. 7 Pressing Escape quits the program. DOS users: If the name of the existing file you wish to edit is known, then you can start NoteWorthy more quickly by giving this name as a parameter: NW2 MYFILE NoteWorthy 2 Manual release 1.0 Page 6 5. Basic principles The program can be driven in three ways, which may sometimes be mixed according to the preferences of the user. 1 By keystrokes. Many instructions cannot be produced by any other means. This includes basic production of notes (eg type A to produce a note 'A'), embellishments (full stop (.) adds a dot to the note already there), and other symbols such as bar-lines. A full list is available starting on page 13. To use the analogy of a word-processor: the basic text is produced from the keyboard, rather than by selecting words or letters from a menu. In the same way NoteWorthy's basic units are notes (etc), and these are selected from the keyboard only. A large number of the keystroke commands in this program are cycling. This means that pressing the key a second time gives another option, and repeatedly pressing the key eventually returns the object(s) to their initial option. For instance, pressing full stop (.) once 'dots' a note: press it twice 'double-dots' the note, and pressing a third time returns the note to being undotted. 2 By drop-down menus. Pressing Esc when in normal editing mode will produce a menu-bar across the top of the screen: using the arrow keys and Enter or the first letter of the topic will result in a menu dropping down from that topic. The relevant action can then be produced from the set of commands available, again by selecting with the arrows and Enter or the highlighted letter of the menu. Again, like a word-processor, the menu options are limited to formatting and other operations such as printing, but for some operations a keyboard shortcut is available for instance Ctrl-R as seen on the screen above. Pressing Esc again abandons the drop-down menu and/or the menu bar. 3 If you are running the program with a mouse then in most parts of this program the right-mouse button is entirely equivalent to pressing Esc on the keyboard. So first pressing this button will produce the menu bar, from which the options can be clicked in the obvious way. However, in addition to this, in mouse-mode, a mouse toolbar appears above the status bar. This gives a number of shortcuts to operations such as save, exit, print. To assist in remembering the operation of the buttons, pressing the right mouse button when over a button will produce a brief description of the function of the button. NoteWorthy 2 Manual release 1.0 Page 7 Reading this manual This manual lists commands available in the order of a keyboard instructions (eg Alt-F2) b menu commands (Esc View PreView) Mouse shortcuts are covered separately in the chapter on using the mouse (page 36). NoteWorthy 2 Manual release 1.0 Page 8 6: The Screen The main input screen is divided into two sections (three for mouse users). The upper section is where the music will appear and will initially consist of one stave. The lower section contains of the status area, and just above this mouse users will see a toolbar. The status area The initial status area shows that a the default note length is a crotchet with the stem direction allocated automatically (Crotchet Auto) b the tutorial is available by pressing Alt-F1 c the Addenda to the manual are available by pressing sh- F1 d the current stave (where the I-shaped cursor resides) is number 1 of a total of 1 stave(s) e the system number is likewise 1 of 1 f the page number is 1 (or a ? may appear if the program is not currently sure of the page number). The page numbers may vary as the user moves staves apart, but at certain times (eg before previewing or printing) the program will "repaginate" and show the correct value. Pagination can be forced on demand from the Esc View Repaginate menu. Central in this area is the message 'Enter Mode' indicating that NoteWorthy is waiting for music to be entered. Other modes are Edit, Line-draw, Curve-drawing etc, as detailed below. In addition you may at times see "Thinking" while the program repaginates or transposes and so on. The NoteWorthy package operates in one of seven modes: Enter Mode Edit Mode F10 or Esc Mode Edit Line Mode F11 or Esc Mode Line Curve Mode F12 or Esc Mode Curve Text Mode F9 or " or Esc Mode Text Block Mode F8 or Ctrl-F10 or Esc Mode Block Symbol Mode Ctrl-F12 or Esc Mode Symbol Generating new music will be done via Enter Mode, and from this mode you can gain access to the other six modes by a menu or one simple key press as indicated. To return to Enter Mode from any of the other modes use the Esc key. (NOTE: in the case of Edit Mode the escape key will cause you to lose all the changes you have made: if you wish to keep these changes, Carriage Return will keep the changes and return to Enter Mode) NoteWorthy 2 Manual release 1.0 Page 9 For more information on Edit Mode see page 24; Line and Curve Mode are covered on page 21, Text mode on page 19 and Block Mode on page 25. Symbol mode is the way in which miscellaneous musical symbols such as dynamic marks (ff) or fermata are placed on the page and is covered on page 23. On colour systems the screen border changes colour as an assistance in monitoring the mode changes. If the tutorial file (NW2.TUT) is present in the NoteWorthy directory then the message "Tutorial Alt-F1" will appear at the left. Likewise there may be updates to the program not in the this manual in a file NW2.ADD, and if this is present then Shift-F1 may be pressed to view it. It's always worth looking at it - at least once! Help is also always available with the F1 key as indicated at the bottom of the screen. Aspect ratios If you have a VGA monitor and have selected the VGA option via the NWSETUP program, then the music as it appears on screen will be rather foreshortened, ie squashed vertically. The reason for this lies in the What-You-See-Is-What-You-Get nature of NoteWorthy. If you are using a 9-pin printer, then each pixel (dot) on the screen corresponds exactly to one dot on the printer. This means that your music will always appear on paper exactly as you see it on screen. (High-density - 24 pin/300 dpi laser - users will merely see a smoothed-out version of the 9-pin output on their printouts). Hercules and EGA users will see a screen which is much nearer the actual printout aspect ratio, but VGA users will be able to see more staves on the screen at one time. If this misleading aspect ratio is distracting then VGA users can switch to EGA mode by rerunning NWSETUP and stipulating that they have an EGA system. In any case, whatever system you are using, typing Alt-F2 gives preview mode (or Esc View PreView) which always gives a correctly scaled representation of the final printout. NoteWorthy 2 Manual release 1.0 Page 10 7. Defining your System In these notes the word 'system' is used in its musical sense, as a group of staves bound together by a brace or braces and (in this program) sharing a common bar line. This is one 3-stave system with staves 1 and 2 bracketed: When you start NoteWorthy you will see a screen with just one stave. If you write music for other than a single melody line you will probably want to see more staves bound together. To produce this, you simple add more staves and then bind them together. To add one more stave to that on the screen, press Ctrl-N or Esc Stave New. Now there are two systems, each of one stave. To construct a three- stave system press Ctrl-N again. Now there are three single-stave systems which should be bound together. To bind the first two, make sure the I-shaped cursor is on the top stave and press [ (left square bracket) or Esc Stave System). Now pressing [ a second time will "close-bind" the top two staves: Pressing [ again would unbind the top stave from the second, but to produce the required system construction move the cursor to the second stave (down arrow) and press [ on this stave so that it binds the second stave to the third. NoteWorthy 2 Manual release 1.0 Page 11 8: Typing in Music The principles on which the program is based are simple to understand and intuitive in approach. While many less-used options are available on drop-down menus or mouse toolbar, the majority of time you are using the program you will be using the keyboard to enter music. The key- presses which enable this are intended to be helpful in a mnemonic or other way. The current 'cursor' position is shown by a dotted (yellow on colour systems) I-shaped cursor when in Enter Mode. The left and right cursor keys will change its position, as will Ctrl-Left and Ctrl-Right at a faster rate. (Mouse users can just click on the stave and the I-cursor will move to that position.) A complete list of cursor movement commands is shown below in section 8 (page 12), and can always be seen on the Help Screens (F1). If accelerated keyboard is selected via NWSETUP then the cursor will move more rapidly when the movement key is held down. Particular objects are now created by pressing a particular key or combination of keys, in which case the object will appear on the stave in grey (or yellow on colour systems). But pressing a particular key does not fix that object on the paper: this is performed by adding a completion keystroke (eg Enter - see Completion Keys below, page 15, for a full list - or the F1 Help). The advantage of this is that the object can be manipulated into position, its attributes altered, or even changed to a different symbol before it is 'frozen' into the paper with the completion key. (Of course even once 'frozen' it can be altered - see section on editing below, page 24). If you change your mind before 'freezing' the symbol then you can press Esc to abort, or another key to change to another symbol. It is important to realise that all objects defined on the sheet are linked to a particular stave. This is obvious in the case of notes, clefs, etc., but also applies to text, slurs, lines and dynamic markings. Normally this is no drawback but it should be realised that moving the stave vertically with respect to its neighbours will move all the objects associated with it. If you want an object to be attached to a different stave then move to that stave (see section 9, Viewpoints, p. 16 below) and then define the object. Sometimes during editing it is found that the some of the objects on screen have been partially or totally erased. If this happens the following keys are useful: F2 Redraw the current stave Shift-F2 Redraw the whole screen. An aside: In particular, text (see page 19) is also attached to a stave. This is so that you can add musical instructions ("legato" etc) to a stave and have it move with the notes if ever you Compress or Justify (see page 26). However the title of a piece will therefore be attached to the first stave, and is best added after the stave is complete, otherwise the words of the title will move if the music on the stave is compressed. NoteWorthy 2 Manual release 1.0 Page 12 For this reason too, if you move text up or down in Block Mode (see page 25) using the arrow keys, you are not changing the page it's attached to. In Block Mode use the PgDn/PgUp keys if you want to move or copy the text to another stave. See the section on blockmode (page 25) for full instructions. The complete list of keystrokes and symbols available is as follows, in somewhat logical order:- Ctrl-N Add a new system. The system added will have the same number of staves and be bound in the same way as the last system in the piece. Menu equivalent: Esc Stave New [ Bind or unbind the stave from the one below. There are three possibilities: the stave is not bound to that below (different systems); the stave is bound but not bracketed as for a string quartet; or it is bracketed as in a piano score. In bracketed staves the bar-lines are drawn across the space between the staves, in non- bracketed staves they do not - although they do line up automatically: see / below and section 7 on setting up the system (page 10). Menu equivalent: use Esc Stave. Alt-S Define a clef. The first press of the key will cause a treble clef to appear at the current position. A second Alt-S changes the symbol to a bass clef and repeated presses will change it to an alto and then tenor clef before it cycles back to the treble clef. Normally this would be the first symbol entered on a new stave as it is not possible to enter key signatures or notes until the clef is defined. K This defines a one-sharp key signature appropriate to the clef defined. Repeated pressing will add more sharps up to 6. Continuing to press K defines the key of 6 flats, 5, 4 etc. Shift-K This moves through the flat keys in the same way as K moves through the sharp keys. After defining the key signature it pays to leave some space to the right before adding notes. This will help if you transpose the music in future: remember a key of 1 sharp becomes 6 flats! C Major Note that giving the command sequence K - Shift K - Enter defines a null key signature of C major. If this is the first key signature on the stave then it is shown as a natural sign on the centre stave, but of course will not print. This is of particular value if the music is likely to be transposed later, as the correct key signature will then be placed at this position. (This is one rare departure from the WYSIWYG status of the package in that on-screen symbols are normally printed) Alt-T Defines a common time (C) time signature. A second press defines an alla-breve (¢) time signature. NoteWorthy 2 Manual release 1.0 Page 13 Alt-U Defines the upper number of a time signature as '2'. Repeated pressings cycle through the numbers 3 to 9 and back to 0 and 1 etc. Alt-L Defines the lower number of a time signature as '4'. Repeated pressings cycle through the values '8', '16', '1' and '2'. 1 Defines the default note duration (shown at the bottom of the screen) to be a breve. The other durations defined are as follows: 2 Default becomes semibreve 3 Default becomes minim (double note) 4 Default becomes crotchet (whole note) 5 Default becomes quaver (half note) 6 Default becomes semiquaver (quarter note) 7 Default becomes demisemiquaver (eighth note) 8 Default becomes hemidemisemiquaver (sixteenth note) If a note has already been defined by A to G (below) then pressing these keys will change the current (uncompleted) note's duration as well as the default note duration. A-G, H This places a note on the stave at the appropriate position on the stave in the duration given by the default shown on the information screen. If the same named note on a different octave is required then the up or down arrows can be used to redefine the note. Repeated pressing of the key will produce shorter notes: pressing sh-A (etc) will produce cycle through notes in the same sort of way as K cycles through keys. For the convenience of European users, the note H can be used to place what English-speaking musicians call B. Pressing B and H are exactly equivalent in NoteWorthy. Notes have many other note attributes (dots, beams, etc) and a complete list of attributes and their keystrokes can be found at the end of this section. Z Defines a rest in the current note duration. (Z=zzzzz, asleep, geddit?). Repeated presses cycle through the rest lengths in the same way as for notes. Rests can also be dotted in the same manner as notes. / Defines a bar line. Note that while the bar line can be defined from any stave in the system, it has an existence only on the top stave. (This is important when editing it: see section 9 below). Subsequent presses define two types of double bar lines and three types of repeat bar lines before producing a single bar line again. NoteWorthy 2 Manual release 1.0 Page 14 ~ (tilde) Starts an arpeggiando (spread chord) sign moving vertically upwards from the bottom of the stave. The position may of course be adjusted with the arrow keys. The length of the wavy line can be increased by pressing ~ again, and decreased with the backspace key as if typing text. Note attributes While a note is being defined (ie after giving it a name with A-G etc, and before it is fixed with a completion key) the following keys are also operative: J Note Stem up (the note looks like a J - well, sort of). The default note at the bottom of the screen also changes when this key is used. P Stem down ('P' looks like a note with stem down). Default changes. O (letter O) No stem. Useful for adding single notes to the stem of another note. Default changes. I Stem direction determined by position of note on stave as in single melodies. Default changes. . (full stop) Add a dot to the note. A second press makes this double-dotting. A third press removes the dotting. ' (Apostrophe). Defines the note as staccato. A second press defines it as staccatissimo, and a third press makes it normal again. = or - (equals/hyphen) Places a horizontal line above/below the note as emphasis. A second press removes the emphasis. 0 (number zero) Change note style. The first press will change the note to a small note, and then other types, including cross-headed notes. The styles are shown in Appendix F on page 50. This key also affects accidentals and makes them small so that they fit in with small notes. Note style is persistent (ie stays until changed) so that long sequences of small notes or X-notes can be entered more easily. (Up and down arrow keys). These cause the note to rise or fall by an octave, up to 12 leger lines above or below the stave. (Backspace) If the note is a quaver or shorter then this causes it to be beamed to the most recent note on the stave with its stem in the same direction and of the same style (see 0 above). A second press of this key 'unbeams' the note. T/t This causes the note to be tied to the most recent note of the same pitch on the stave. If a capital T is used then the tie is shown 'overhand', the lower case t is for 'underhand' ties. A second press destroys the tie. NoteWorthy 2 Manual release 1.0 Page 15 V This turns the note into a flat symbol. V points downwards, hence flat - again "sort of"! W Turns the note into a double flat sign(W=2 Vs, see?) S As V above, but for a sharp sign. X As V above, but for a double sharp sign. N As V above, but for a natural sign. The flats and sharps are not actually attributes of the notes but symbols in their own right. This is to enable the flexible placing of accidentals in cluster chords. Completion Keys Notes require attributes attaching before they are 'completed', and all symbols can be navigated into place with cursor keys before they are frozen in position. The following is a list of keys which will complete an object. Enter Complete the symbol but do not move the cursor. Useful for entering many notes as a chord or the upper and lower elements of time signatures. If this completion key is for an accidental then the associated note does not appear (see spacebar below). Spacebar Complete and move a distance right. The actual distance is dependent on the symbol just completed so that notes shorter than the pulse (page 26) have less space, dotted notes have more and notes longer than pulse have more. If the completion key for an accidentals is spacebar then a default note is placed just after it. If this is not needed then it can be changed or aborted (with Esc). PgUp,PgDn Complete and move the cursor to the stave above or below. These are useful for aligning objects in the same position within a system. For instance the traditional piano clefs can be placed at the beginning of a piece on two staves with the sequence Alt-S PgDn Alt-S Alt-S PgUp Tab Complete and move right to align with the next major object anywhere in the current system. This is useful for aligning objects together, such as chords across a piano part or key signature changes. Not all objects are used as 'stopping points' for the cursor, however, in particular the cursor will not jump to Text, Bar lines, Curves, Lines or accidentals. Shift-Tab As Tab but the movement is to the previous object. NoteWorthy 2 Manual release 1.0 Page 16 9. Viewpoints and Moving Around Horizontal movement As has been mentioned above, NoteWorthy is a WYSIWYG package: the pixels on the screen are exactly the pixels printed on a low-density print image of 120 dots per inch, with paper width of 8" (960 dots). Since a VGA or EGA screen is 640 pixels wide (and Hercules is 720), the full paper is wider than one screen. Therefore we must be able to 'pan' across to the right-hand side of the page. The package will do this automatically whenever it is required, but the following keys also affect horizontal movement: Spacebar Moves to the left by a default distance (see Completion Symbols, page 15 above) Tab Moves right to the position on the stave which has a object defined in the current system. This is useful for aligning music. See Completion Keys, page 15 above) Shift-Tab As Tab but moves left to the previous object's position. See Completion Keys. Ctrl-Home Moves left and positions the cursor slightly in from the left margin, panning left if in full magnification mode. Ctrl-End Move to the right margin and pan right if necessary (if in full magnification mode). F3 Pressing this key toggles in and out of 'Zoom mode' in which it is possible to see the full page compressed. It is perfectly possible to work in Zoom mode, but it may be that text and other fine work becomes harder due to the compression of pixels on the screen. Menu equivalent: Esc View Full. Vertical Movement The cursor is always placed on a particular stave, but may be moved between staves as follows: (Up and down arrow keys). When there is no object uncompleted (in yellow or grey) then the arrow keys move the cursor from stave to stave. This is identical in action to PgUp and PgDn below. PgDn Moves to the next stave completely visible on the screen, or if this is the lowest on the screen, moves to the first on the screen. PgUp Moves up likewise Ctrl-PgDn Redraws the screen so that the top stave shown is the next full system below that currently on display. Ctrl-PgUp Ditto, moving upward. NoteWorthy 2 Manual release 1.0 Page 17 Alt-PgUp/F4Shift the viewpoint down by one stave. Alt-PgUp is only available on extended (102-key) keyboards. This and the following command is especially useful on systems with a large number of staves, too many to fit on one screen. Alt-PgDn/Sh-F4 Shift the viewpoint up by one stave. Alt-PgDn is only available on extended (102-key) keyboards. F5 This pans the screen up by a small amount, but does not directly affect the stave position on the stave. If you want to move the music down on the printout, see the section Frequently-Asked Questions (page 38). Shift-F5 Pans the screen down. F6,Sh-F6 These keys will move the current and subsequent staves up or down relative to the page by a small amount. Esc G S Direct jumps to a particular system number of page number may be made from the Menu: Esc Go System, or Esc Go Page. Esc G T Go to the Top of the score. Esc G E Go to the End of the score. At times the screen may need refreshing if objects or parts of objects have been obscured by editing or moving other objects. When this happens F2 will redraw the current stave and Shift-F2 will redraw the whole screen. Note that the redrawing of a stave is a matter of erasing the stave and redrawing its components. In the interest of speed, erasing is simply a clearing of a rectangle encompassing the highest and lowest objects attached to that stave. It may happen that this causes erasure of some part of an adjacent stave, in which case Shift-F2 will be the best form of refresh. Page breaks The bottom of the page (as given in the page length in NWSETUP and calculated during repagination) is marked by a line across the screen. There are two types of page break, forced and normal. If you wish to force a system to appear at the top of a page, irrespective of the contents of the previous page, then you should add a forced page break to the previous system. Move to the previous system and use the Menu command found under Esc Stave to add or delete the page break. A wide grey (green if colour) band will appear under the stave if it precedes a forced page break. NoteWorthy 2 Manual release 1.0 Page 18 10. Getting Help Help There are a number of help screens available to remind you of the key strokes which the package uses. Pressing F1 at any time will produce a help screen relevant to the current activity, but any of the other screens can be accessed with the PgUp or PgDn keys. Press any other key to return to your current mode. Tutorial Pressing Alt-F1 will produce an on-line tutorial provided the file NW2.TUT is present on the directory. In fact if this file is not present then the invitation to run the tutorial will not appear at the bottom left of the main screen. The tutorial is intended to be a "get-you-started" session, and when this has been run, disk space could be saved by deleting the file NW2.TUT from the disk. Addenda If the file NW2.ADD is available on the disk then the main screen will invite you to press Shift-F1. This file is intended to be for updates to the manual such as new features in the version you have been supplied with. NoteWorthy 2 Manual release 1.0 Page 19 11. Adding Text The package works in a number of modes. You will have entered music in Enter mode but also available are Edit, Text, Line-draw and Curve-draw and other modes. In colour systems the screen border changes colour as an indicator of the current Mode. Text mode is entered with F9 or the " (quotation mark) key, or from the menu with Esc Mode Text. The cursor changes to a small cross cursor (mouse users: a pencil), the mode is flagged in the status area at the bottom of the screen, and the current text font is shown. Choosing the font There are currently five text fonts, and the font can be chosen before text mode is entered with the Menu command Esc Mode (select font), or from text mode, provided no text has yet been placed on the screen a further press of F9 will cycle between them. They are essentially in two sizes, with upright and italic in each, together with a large Roman proportional font for titles. When in text mode the alphanumeric keys respond as might be expected, the backspace key deletes text, and the arrows position it more exactly. If Esc is pressed then the text mode is aborted, if Enter is pressed then it is completed, the text fixed in position and the system returns to normal Enter mode again. Should the text be completed with Ctrl-Enter then the current text is completed, the program stays in text mode and the cursor starts again just under the last text start. This will be found very useful when entering verses under music or alone at the end of a piece. Titles While the large font is designed for titles, any font may be used, and as a convenience during typing, the keystroke Alt-M (middle) may be used just before completion and the text will be placed centrally on the page. Special characters In text mode special keystrokes available are: F9 Change font (as above). Can only be performed when no text has yet been typed at the cursor. Alt-B This produces a flat symbol. Alt-N A natural symbol. The sharp symbol is served by the standard keyboard symbol Alt-C This produces a copyright symbol. NoteWorthy 2 Manual release 1.0 Page 20 Ctrl-A to G Pressing these keys results in the symbol A to G appearing at the cursor in inverse video which will be printed normally on paper. These represent special text symbols which will undergo a transposition when the Transpose function (section 17, page 35) is used. Thus inserting Ctrl-E (displayed as inverse E) followed by the flat sign and later transposing the stave up one semitone will lose the flat sign. A further semitone transposition and this E would become an F. Transposing up a further semitone will change the F to F# etc. These symbols are particularly useful for other harmony chords. If the stave or page is to be transposed later it pays to leave some space for sharps and flats that will appear after the transposition. ~ (tilde) Although not strictly a special symbol, it should be noted that this character is designed so that it mates with a second tilde for use in a trill sign in all except the largest font. The NoteWorthy database is based around the notion of objects on the stave. Each word of text becomes a separate object, so that if a complete sentence of many words is entered, the completion of text mode causes the program to break this sentence into separate words, each of which it regards as an object (words of over 12 letters are broken up too). This does not affect any item of the printing process, but Edit Mode (chapter 13, page 24) behaves differently since each word will each appear as a separate object able to be moved or deleted independently. The best way to enter words under a piece of music will thus be to enter the words as a complete phrase using multiple spacebar presses to give the words their spacing, thus avoiding repositioning the cursor for each word. Cursor movement It is important to realise that in the NoteWorthy system every single object on the page is attached to, or is part of, a stave. This is obvious for clefs and notes but text is also attached to one stave or other. Usually it is obvious which stave to attach text to in the case of tempo or style markings such as allegro or legato. In the case of words of hymns or songs placed between treble and bass staves the text could logically be attached to either, but it must be attached to one of them, and if the stave is ever moved or copied then the text will go with it. Consequently when you are in text mode the cursor movement is limited to a region from the middle of the previous stave to the middle of the next (unless of course your stave is the first or last in the score). This should give sufficient freedom to placing your text at the same time as helping you to attach it to the correct stave. NoteWorthy 2 Manual release 1.0 Page 21 12. Adding Lines and Curves Lines are most conveniently added with the mouse. See "Using the mouse" on page 36 for details. Straight lines This mode is useful for drawing crescendo and decrescendo marks, first and second time bar markings and any form of orthogonal or diagonal lines. It is entered with the key F11 (from the menu, Esc Mode Line) at which time the cursor changes to a large + marker which facilitates alignment on the screen of the ends of segments (mouse users: a pencil). During Line-Draw mode The following keys are then operative: (Arrows) Move the cursor. The Ctrl key may be used to enhance this movement. Enter When first pressed, this key marks the start of a line, and subsequently moving the cursor drags the other end of the line around the screen. A second press completes this line and starts another so that continuous line segments may be produced. Esc This aborts the current line (begun with the last Enter key) and returns to Enter mode. Curves Curve mode is entered with F12, (or from the menu, Esc Mode Curve) and has a similar behaviour to Line Mode except that more than two 'anchor points' are required to define a curve. On entering curve mode, the cursor changes to a small box (again mouse users: a pencil) and the following keys are operative: (Arrows) As usual, the box moves, and this movement can be enhanced with the Ctrl key. One restriction is that curves are always defined left- to-right, so any attempt to move the cursor back to the left of the last anchor position will be ignored. Enter Defines an anchor point. The first press of this key has little apparent effect, except that the box moves a little to the right. The second press defines a straight line between the last anchor point and the current one, while the third and subsequent presses erase the current curve and add a further anchor point to the curve (technically known as a cubic spline). Esc This quits curve-drawing mode and erases the box markers previously drawn, leaving the curve on the page. Up to 20 anchor points can be used to define the curve, but this is extreme, as in most cases 3 will suffice for a slur, and 4 or 5 for a phrase mark. NoteWorthy 2 Manual release 1.0 Page 22 In the drawing of long curves, it is often found that the position of some of the inner points is not quite right, but the position of these can be modified in Edit mode to make the curve just right. Due to the WYSIWYG nature of NoteWorthy, the positioning of curves, lines, text and other symbols on the printed page can be relied upon to be the same on the printed page. Cursor movement As with text (see the last paragraph of the preceding section, page 20, lines and curves are always attached to a stave, and to help you avoid attaching lines to the wrong stave the cursor movement is limited to a range from the middle of the preceding stave to the middle of the next (excepting of course first and final staves). NoteWorthy 2 Manual release 1.0 Page 23 13. Adding Symbols Symbol Mode NoteWorthy is capable of adding a large range of musical symbols to your output. As always, each symbol is attached to a stave and will be moved with the stave if the stave is moved vertically or will move with the notes if the stave is compressed or justified (section 16, page 26). Selection of symbols is particularly easy. Select Symbol Mode with Ctrl-F12 (menu equivalent: Esc Mode Symbol) and a set of symbols is placed on the screen. Select with the arrows and Enter, when the symbol appears on screen and can be moved into position. Press Enter to place. It is important to realise that symbols placed in the music from this menu have no musical relevance for the computer program and the package sees them as mere shapes on the screen. So, for instance, you could imitate the rare Soprano Clef (a treble clef placed one line lower so that the bottom line of the stave is G) by using the large treble clef sign from this menu and deleting the real treble clef at the beginning of your piece. However this would not make the names of your notes change as the system does not recognise this symbol as defining the clef for the system in use. Similarly sharps and flats placed by using this Symbol Mode would not be transposed if transposition is performed. Attaching to the right stave It is important to realise that every object in NoteWorthy is attached to a stave: symbols no less. If you attach a symbol to a stave then it will move with the stave, be justified, compressed, copied or deleted with the stave. The stave to which it will be attached is the one on which the I-cursor was when Symbol Mode was entered. NoteWorthy 2 Manual release 1.0 Page 24 14. Altering Existing Music To enter Edit Mode, press F10 or from the menu, Esc Mode Edit. The object nearest the cursor will now change colour (red for colour systems, grey otherwise). It can now be edited in a completely intuitive way depending on the actual symbol shown. The normal input keys are active except that an object cannot be changed to another object, although notes can be changed in their attributes (dots, emphases, names, octaves, durations etc). Another difference is that in edit mode curves are erased and their defining points replaced by small boxes whose position can be altered with the arrow keys. The curves will be redrawn when edit mode is terminated. Note that bar lines exist on the top stave of a system only, so that they can only be moved or changed by moving the cursor to the top system and editing with F10. The list of keys available in Edit Mode is as follows: (Arrows) Same operation as in Enter Mode. However, Ctrl-Left and Ctrl-Right change the editable object to that to the left or right respectively. A-G,H Change object to an A-G/H note 1-8 Change duration of note (NB the default at the screen bottom does not change in Edit Mode) JPOI Change note stick orientation (Backsp),T,t Make or break a or tie, as in Enter Mode 0'=. Change note style, staccato, emphasis or dotting / Change bar line type Kk Change key signature Del Delete symbol If the edit is terminated with Esc then the edit will be aborted on confirmation of the prompt, but this will cause the stave to be reinstated just as it was before the F10 key was pressed. When the edit is terminated with Enter then the current stave editing is complete and fixed in place. Multiple Editing Many objects can be edited at once. The Ctrl-right and Ctrl-left keys can be used to 'drop' the current red object and move to the next in the required direction. In this way many objects may be edited at once and then the resulting complete stave be reinstated into the page. Note that beamed notes may need to be unbeamed before changing the attributes which would make this impossible (eg J,P, 0 (zero)). NoteWorthy 2 Manual release 1.0 Page 25 15. Moving, Copying and Deleting At times it is faster to copy existing phrases of music than to re-type them. This might be true, for instance, in the duplication of a voice melody in an accompanying part. In this context the program produces a facility to copy, move or delete whole sections of music. The key F8 enters Block Mode and the cursor changes to a small cross. Move the cursor to a corner of the symbols to be marked, press Enter and move the cursor to the opposite corner. As you do so a box is drawn on the screen and a second press of the Enter key completes this box. The objects inside it will turn grey (red on colour monitors) so that the extent of the block marking can be seen unambiguously. The following keys are then effective: Esc Abort the block mode. The program returns to Enter Mode. (Arrows) Move the box (the outline only is shown moving). As usual, the movement can be enhanced with the Ctrl key. PgUp, PgDnThe box moves to another stave. Should this stave be 'off screen' then a full-screen version of the page and box is shown. Alt-C Copy the contents of the box to the current position. The box remains marked for a possible further copy, move or delete. Press Esc to return to Enter Mode. Alt-D Delete the old contents of the box. Alt-M Move the contents. This is equivalent to copying the box and then deleting it. One point must be noted. Bar lines are not copied as they exist only on the top stave of a system. Tip: If the selection box picks up notes you don't want but are unavoidably selected, make the copy anyway. It is easier to delete the unwanted notes in Edit Mode. NoteWorthy 2 Manual release 1.0 Page 26 16. Layout and Formatting Program Options The menu command Esc Options Options show the current options available in the program: Relevant to the layout and formatting of the music are the following values: 1 Minimum beaming angle (change with Esc Options Min). Set to a default of 10, this affects the aesthetic appearance of beamed notes. Beams are formed by attempting to fit a straight line to the tails of the constituent notes, but gradients close to zero leave a jagged edge when printed. Thus beams which would have been less than this beaming angle will be forced to be horizontal. For instance a minimum beam of 90 would force all beams to be horizontal, while 0 would allow them all to form angles with the horizontal. 2 Compression factor (change with Esc Options Compression). See formatting, below. 3 Spacing grade, 1 - 5. (change with Esc Options SpAcing). This gives the space which will be seen between pulse notes (see next option) when the spacebar is pressed as a completion key. Use spacing grade 1 for compressed music and grade 5 for large default spaces between notes. Of course the actual spacing can be manually changed with the arrow keys before a note is frozen in place but the pressing of space is intended to assist the user with a convenient sized gap between notes. 4 Pulse (change with Esc Options Pulse). Demisemiquaver to semibreve. The pulse note receives a default space (1, above) when space is used to move the cursor at completion. Dotted pulse notes take rather more space, and notes which are double (or more) take larger space again. Notes half the pulse or less take less than the default spacing. Judicious use of these two parameters will minimise your manual horizontal adjustment of notes before fixing them on the stave. Changing the system width Besides compressing and expanding music within a system, systems themselves may be placed at a distance in from either the left or the right margin to allow room for text or special symbols etc. The keys which perform this operation are Ctrl-R (fix the right margin) and Ctrl-L (fix the left margin). Both these options can be performed from the menu Esc Stave). Ctrl-L The left side of the current system is fixed at the cursor position. If this would have resulted in symbols being 'orphaned' beyond the stave limits then the operation is disallowed and a warning given. Ctrl-R The right side of the current position is fixed at the cursor position. Again it is not possible to orphan objects outside the system length. NoteWorthy 2 Manual release 1.0 Page 27 If the margins need to be reset then the cursor can still be moved back to the original position and the commands re-typed. Tip 1: Move clefs and key signatures to the right before using Ctrl-L. If you have re-formatted the stave (Esc F6) there will be a bar line on the extreme right. This will need moving left before the stave can be shortened with Ctrl-R. Tip 2: Because systems can be moved up and down it is actually possible to shorten one on the right, another on the left and move them alongside each other. Formatting It is one thing to type in music, it is another to get the layout on the page just right. In addition to the pulse and spacing above, NoteWorthy can help considerably in getting the bars per line just right. There are three options available here: a To push existing work to the left to squeeze in another bar at the end b To push some of the existing work right to insert a bar c To make the current music expand to fill the page neatly. These options are available on the Staves drop-down menu. 1 (Esc Stave Left). To produce a compression of the existing music to the left, first move the cursor to the position (typically at the end of the current music on the line), and select this option. Doing this will result in a compression by about 20% to the left. The amount of compression can be altered by changing the compression parameter (see above). 2 (Esc Stave Right) To produce a compression right in order to open a space, move the cursor to the required position and use this option. If you have forgotten a bar out of your music, you may be able to squeeze up the music to the left and right just enough to insert your section. In this case you would compress left and right with the cursor in the place where you wish to insert the music, and I recommend a low value of the compression factor: the line can always be compressed more than once. 3 (Esc Stave JustifY). To fill out existing music, move the cursor to a position in which the music to the left is not to be moved, and the music to the right is to be filled out to the stave end (this will typically be a position after the key signature) and press Esc, F6. NoteWorthy 2 Manual release 1.0 Page 28 How formatting works There is no automatic formatting in NoteWorthy. The spacing is always under your control, and when a compression or expansion is requested, then the program merely expands or contracts the spaces between notes or symbols in proportion to the expansion or contraction required. Thus if notes are almost next to each other it may in fact not be possible to compress the stave at all. Once notes, clefs, accidentals, etc are moved then the other items are made to fit in with this. Lines, curves and text are then moved in accordance with this reformatting so care must be taken in a compression that text is not overlapping other text. Note: Since the Justify option shifts all the objects out to the complete size of the stave, it is important that the final object should not be at the end of the stave or else the justification is already done! It is very easy to inadvertently leave a bar line at the extreme right and wonder why Justify does not move the music. Simply delete the last bar line and try again. Paging and page layout Since the program handles more than one page it must break the music up into pages. It will never break up a system to do this, but will force a page-break before a system if that system will not fit on the rest of the page. You will see a line (green for colour, dotted for monochrome) across the screen below the last system on a page. However this will only be a reliable guide after a Repaginate command (menu Esc View Repaginate) or an operation which forces a repagination (such as Preview mode, Alt-F2). Headers and footers In addition to plain pages produced by default, it is possible to have a header and footer defined which will appear on each page. Before it is possible to define either, then the user must define the size of the header or footer (or both). The sizes are given in inches, and are on the Document menu. Typical sizes might only be 0.25" as any room taken up by the header and/or footer will be subtracted from the effective page length for music. Once a header or footer length is defined, then the Define Header/Footer will be activated on the Document menu. Selecting these will give a small band for editing, and the only active modes here are F9 text mode and F10 edit mode for the entry and editing of text. However, unlike the normal text mode a special symbol; "@P" is defined. Placing this in as a word as part of the text will place the page number in this space. So for instance, giving the text - Page @P - (terminating with Alt-M to centralise) in the footer will result in the page number appearing at the centre foot of each page as - Page 1 - NoteWorthy 2 Manual release 1.0 Page 29 etc. First page number The first page number's page does not have to be 1, it is settable before printing with the menu command Esc Print First, and will remain at this value until a new file is loaded or altered. Note, however, that the first page number is stored with the file for printing next time the file is loaded. NoteWorthy 2 Manual release 1.0 Page 30 17. File saving and Loading Saving your work At any stage in the addition of music the file being worked on may be saved via the File menu. The menu sequence is Esc File Save and a new menu appears offering the user the opportunity to define or change the output file name. The file will, however, always have an extension of .NW so that the program will recognise it on the choice menu. If a file is saved when another file of the same name exists then the old file is saved with the extension of .BAK and the new one takes the .NW extension. There is currently no mechanism in NoteWorthy to load a .BAK file, should you need to use a .BAK file then you will need to exit the program (or shell to DOS with Esc Go DOS) and rename the .BAK file with a suitable new name and .NW extension, eg RENAME MYFILE.BAK OLDFILE.NW Saving parts of your score You can save a range of systems to disk. Look carefully at the inverse coloured numbers on the left of the system: these give the system numbers within the whole document (or the values in the status line for System number). Once you have defined the system to save then the menu command Esc File Export will prompt for the system start and end and a file name to save to. The file will be saved with an extension of .NW$, the extra $ indicating that it is a section of a piece rather than the whole score. Loading NoteWorthy can only work on one file at once, so if you wish to load another file, NoteWorthy will make sure you want to finish the current one by reminding you to save if you have not already done so. The new file is loaded with the menu commands Esc File Load. When loading a file, the file is selected from the usual file selection screen which is seen on program start-up. Starting a new piece To clear the score and start afresh, the menu command is Esc File New. Merging files into one document You can merge smaller files into one large file with the menu sequence Esc File Before or Esc File After, which will merge a selected file before the current stave or after it, respectively. If the current stave is not the first or last in the system then the option will be greyed out as only complete systems can be saved and loaded. Deleting files There is no direct mechanism in NoteWorthy for deleting music files. You can use the usual DOS delete command after the program has finished (or during a shell to DOS (Esc Goto DOS) command). To delete the NoteWorthy file MYFILE issue the command NoteWorthy 2 Manual release 1.0 Page 31 DEL MYFILE.NW Finishing The program is terminated by one of the commands Esc File Quit Quits the program. Requires confirmation if work is not yet saved. Esc File EXit Save and exit. Allows a new file name to be specified or the one currently in use to be confirmed. Changing target and source directory The current working directory can be changed with the menu command Esc File Directory, and selecting directories and disk drives from the screens provided. Once the required target directory is shown then the option This dir can be selected to return to the music editing screen. The directory will stay the selected directory until changed again. An alternative way of changing directory for those who prefer it is to shell to DOS with the menu sequence Esc Go DOS and issue a CD or CHDIR command directly. What is stored in the files on disk? Obviously the music! And so the size of the disk file representing your score will depend upon the complexity of the work. Every object in the music occupies space in this file, as well as parameters below which are stored in the file and will be replaced on reloading: 1 The spacing (1-5) which you last used to create this music (default =3) 2 The pulse you last defined for this music (default=crotchet) 3 The beaming angle you last defined (default =10+) 4 The start page number for printing (default =1) Note that the following are not stored in each music file: a Compression factor (default set to 20% when program starts) b Page length (from initialisation file produced by NWSETUP) c Printer type and port (ditto) d Number of copies to print (default =1) e Page range to print (default=all) NoteWorthy 2 Manual release 1.0 Page 32 18. Printing Since the whole point of typing in music is so that it can be saved, changed and reprinted, NoteWorthy provides printing via the Print Menu. Selecting the menu Esc Print Print generates options to print to printer or to file. The direct printing options are self-explanatory and will be attempted via the port LPT1, LPT2 or LPT3 as specified to NWSETUP. Should the offer to print to file be accepted then a second menu appears on the same screen offering a choice of formats: high or low density printer dump. Printer dumps are useful for multiple printing of one file, when the time to compose the page can be saved by printing to a dump file and later, after exiting from NoteWorthy, the dump can be copied to the printer directly with the DOS command COPY /B MUSIC.DMP LPT1: (Note the "/B" is required as a NoteWorthy dump is a binary file). Beware however that printer dumps can be several hundred kilobytes especially in high density mode! However the well-known PKZIP Shareware suite can compress these printer dumps into a space about 5% of their actual size, and print them directly. Provided that PKZIP and PKUNZIP are in your current path, you can issue the DOS command PKZIP MUSIC MUSIC.DMP -M which will compress the file MUSIC.DMP to the file MUSIC.ZIP, afterwards deleting MUSIC.DMP (the "-M" option), Then the command PKUNZIP MUSIC -PB will send this compressed file to the printer ("-PB"). See the programs from PKware for full details of how this works. Contact your usual Shareware library. The print process Whether printing to a printer or a file, the print process consists of two stages, page composition and the actual print. Depending how much conventional memory is available in your computer, the printing may be done in several 'stripes': compose, print; compose, print; etc. While this is happening there is a screen showing the progress of each of these operations. The actual time to compose the page is very dependent on the speed of your computer and the printing depends on the speed at which your printer can accept the typical megabyte of data which NoteWorthy throws at it. NoteWorthy 2 Manual release 1.0 Page 33 Occasionally it is necessary to abort a print, and it is important when this occurs that your printer should be left in a sensible state, ie at the end of a print scan. Consequently the Esc key can be pressed to abort, but the actual termination may take some seconds after this. Be patient. Page length NoteWorthy defaults to a page size of 10.8" x 8" which fits onto a standard A4 page (11.69" x 8.27") with reasonable margins. The maximum printing width of 8" cannot be increased (although you can reduce it with Ctrl-L and Ctrl-R on all the staves on the page). To define other page lengths use the command on the Print menu. Note the following points, however: a A page-printer which feeds A4 pages can never make use of the full limits of the paper as it needs some paper to hold on to. 10.8" is a limit which seems to work with most printers: if in doubt, see your printer manual for the maximum printable region, or experiment. b Preview Mode (Alt-F2) is accurate for the layout and can be used to find out exactly where the page breaks will occur. Bear in mind, however, that the preview is of the printable area of the screen and there would be space at the top and bottom in addition. 9-pin printouts on 24-pin printers While Laserjet users may quite happily use low-density prints as 'draft' prints (although this should be quite unnecessary due to the WYSIWYG nature of NoteWorthy), there is an intrinsic problem with using low density printouts from high-density dot matrix printers. Since 9- pin printers have a vertical dot pitch of 1/72", and high-density is 1/180", it is not possible to do a perfectly proportioned print as 72 doesn't go into 180. Consequently 9-pin prints on 24-pin printers will be found to be vertically stretched by about 20%, meaning that the effective length of an 11" page is about 9" when set in NWSETUP or defined from the print menu. Exporting to word-processors NoteWorthy has the facility to produce files of part of the page which can be imported into your word-processor. This is selected from the Esc File PCX menu, and when this is selected, a mode akin to Block Mode is selected whereby with the cursor or mouse you can mark a section of the screen for printing. Once selected with the second press of Enter then four options are offered: a High-resolution b High-resolution inverse c Low resolution d Low resolution inverse Selecting high resolution gives better character shapes but is a much larger file, while the inverse options are given because Desk-Top Publishing systems and Wordprocessors are not consistent about the format of the file: white-on-black or black-on-white. You should experiment with your wordprocessor to see what is best for you. NoteWorthy 2 Manual release 1.0 Page 34 Once a resolution is defined, then the program asks for a filename. The extension is .PCX so that your target system can recognise it. NoteWorthy 2 Manual release 1.0 Page 35 19. Transposing NoteWorthy has the ability to transpose a single stave or the complete page by a semitone either up or down, and so repeated application of this will generate any reasonable transposition. The technique is self- explanatory and is accessed by the Esc Xpose menu. The procedure may take a little while (depending on the complexity of music and the speed of your computer) but the following points should be noted: 1 The key of 6 flats is used when transposing up from one flat and 6 sharps is used when transposing down from one sharp. In this way you can choose the key signature by "overrunning" and transposing back. 2 All notes, accidentals and key signatures are changed. This is not normally a problem, but many key-signatures become wider when transposing from, for example, one sharp to six flats. Some adjustment in format (by a setting the compression ratio to about 5% - Esc Option Compression - and compressing right - Esc Stave Right) may be necessary. 3 Sometimes the program cannot decide how to designate various notes and accidentals. For instance some double flats occurring in a sharp key have an unclear destination accidental when being transposed down. In this case the program will leave this particular accidental alone and warn the user to modify it manually. This could occur a number of times in one transposition, but will only occur in these exceptional conditions. 4 If there is no key signature then the program will not insert one. Therefore it is a good idea when working in C major to insert an "dummy" key signature with the keystrokes: K Shift-K Enter This results in an on-screen "key signature" of one natural on the centre stave. It will not be printed out when a print is requested. NoteWorthy 2 Manual release 1.0 Page 36 20. Using the Mouse While the main entry of music to NoteWorthy remains a keyboard exercise, provided a mouse is installed then numerous ancillary operations are simpler with the mouse. Installing the mouse Since NoteWorthy is a DOS product, the mouse must be loaded before the program starts. Mouse drivers are of two types: programs and drivers, with drivers being the older type. Many mouse drivers are supplied on their own installation disks: if this is so then simply run the installation program on your installation disk. Otherwise some guidelines are given here: If your mouse program has the name MOUSE.SYS then it needs to have a line in the file CONFIG.SYS which reads DEVICE=C:\MOUSE.SYS If you are using a version of DOS and a computer which supports loading device drivers "high" then this line may read HIDEVICE=C:\MOUSE.SYS. Also the directory where the mouse driver is situated may need to be changed. See your system documentation for more information. Most later mouse drivers are in the form of a program file, called MOUSE.EXE (or sometimes MOUSE.COM). In this case the mouse can be started by running the program, usually with the command MOUSE although sometimes the resident directory may need to be stipulated, as in C:\MSMOUSE\MOUSE for instance. The best place for this command is in the file AUTOEXEC.BAT so that it is available every time your computer is started. Windows users For Windows users the mouse must be loaded before Windows is started, so AUTOEXEC.BAT is the best place for the MOUSE command to be located. Mouse compatibility If NoteWorthy does not work perfectly with your mouse then it is likely to be a driver problem. NoteWorthy adheres strictly to the mouse standards defined by Microsoft and so if you are having problems you are advised to obtain a proper copy of the Microsoft driver. NoteWorthy 2 Manual release 1.0 Page 37 Mouse shortcuts If the mouse is loaded then when NoteWorthy starts then a mouse toolbar can be seen just above the status bar, and also the normal mouse pointer will be seen on screen. With a mouse the following features can be used: Clicking with the right mouse button is in most cases equivalent to pressing the Esc key, and so, for instance, enables and closes the menu bar. This menu bar can be clicked on with the normal left button to obtain operations, and aborted or closed with the right button. In non-menu mode, clicking on the screen moves the I-cursor to the stave and position nearest the mouse cursor. Using the mouse in other modes Text Mode Cursor is a pencil. Clicking the left mouse button will move the text cursor and any accompanying text to the cursor. Right mouse button aborts the mode. Edit Mode Left selects the object nearest the mouse cursor, dragging can move it. Right button aborts. Line Mode Cursor is a pencil. Left button defines a start and end point. Right terminates the line mode, aborting the last moving line. Curve Mode Cursor is a pencil. Left button defines an anchor point. Right terminates curve mode. Symbol Mode Left first defines the symbol from the menu and a second click places it. Right button aborts the symbol mode. NoteWorthy 2 Manual release 1.0 Page 38 21. FREQUENTLY-ASKED QUESTIONS My alto and tenor parts have stems which overlap and get confused. What can I do? Move to the bass stave and press F6. The bottom stave moves down to leave more room between staves. Sh-F6 moves the stave back up. As you press F6 you may notice parts of the stave above disappearing. See a question below on this. How do I put in a rehearsal marks such as a letter A in a box? Write the A in text mode, and put a box round it in line mode, to get the box the right size. If you need another on this page, delete the A and use the Block Mode to copy the box to the places you want it, then fill the boxes with the letters you want. You can use the same method to copy complex objects you have created to other positions on the music. For instance, in cello music there is an instruction to stop the string with the thumb, and the symbol can be made up with a small circle with a vertical line above (like an inverted lollipop). This can be made once and copied with block mode. I understand that, but I have lots of made-up symbols I want to use. What's the best way to use them? Make up a dummy single stave with your symbols on. Save it and give it the name TEMPLATE. Now you can load it somewhere into your music (File Merge), copy the symbols as required to various places in the score, and then delete it. I need to edit the middle note of a chord, and can't make it turn red when I press F10 You can edit many objects in edit mode, not just one. Press F10 somewhere near the chord and press Ctrl-Right or Ctrl-Left until the note you want turns red, then edit it as required. You only need to press Enter to finish edit mode when you have finished editing all the objects you want to change. I can't make some of my objects turn red when in edit mode, so can't edit them Whenever you create an object (eg text or line or symbol) it is attached to the stave you were on when you pressed F9, etc. (This ensures that they will move up and down with the stave when you press F6 or justify with the notes). Now if your objects are not turning red, they're not attached to the current stave. Perhaps you were on the stave above when you added a symbol intended for the current stave? You can verify by moving the current stave up and down one unit to see what moves with it (F6, Sh-F6). It's best if you re-attach them to the current stave by deleting and re-creating, or in block mode: Enter block mode from the stave which contains the objects; enclose the objects; press PgDn to move to the target stave, and up/down arrows to move them within the stave. I suggest you save your work before you start something complicated! NoteWorthy 2 Manual release 1.0 Page 39 I have the opposite problem - my notes are red and stay red when I press Ctrl-Right etc. Then you have multiple copies of the notes, lying exactly over the top of each other! When in Edit Mode, press the Del key to delete one. By moving left and right you can find out how many duplicates you have and delete all but the last one. When I enclose objects in Block Mode I can't get them to turn red They're not attached to the stave you're working on. See the question about Edit Mode not turning red above. How do I make some room at the top of a page for a title? Press F5 to move the music down, and with the cursor on the top stave press F9 for text mode. Move the text cursor up, type in the title in large font and before you complete it, press Alt-M to place it in the Middle. When its height is right you can complete the title and exit text mode. Beware however, that you have implicitly moved all the other music down and some may have dropped off the bottom of the page! Check with a preview, Alt-F2. How do I leave a gap above the title? When NoteWorthy prints a page, it automatically makes the highest object on the page at the top of the paper, and the position of everything else follows. So you can't have an empty gap at the top! However you can fudge this by placing a small object well above the title (moving the screen up with F5 first). The small object may be a full stop in text mode, or a tiny (even zero- length) line from Line Mode (F11). How do I make a chord with quavers? Simple - only the note on top is a quaver, the rest are crotchets! It takes a while to realise that NoteWorthy is not intelligent: the symbols are just symbols on paper: you can break all the musical rules to get what you want to see! When I try to make an octave chord, the first note disappears when I press 'down'. Is it OK? Yes, it's still there. Have faith. If you need to reassure yourself, press F2 to redraw the stave. When I redraw the stave with F2, or when moving the stave up or down with F6, and also at other times, the stave above or below has bits cut off. Why? In order to redraw a stave, NoteWorthy 'wipes' the paper between the lowest and highest objects on the stave, then redraws it. It may be that the highest object on the current stave is higher than the lowest on the one above, and if so, some of the stave above will be wiped. If this bothers you, redraw with Sh-F2 which redraws the whole screen. NoteWorthy 2 Manual release 1.0 Page 40 My problem is worse than that, I lose a stave or two when I press F2 or F6. The problem here is that part of the current stave lies above the stave above. Or below the stave below. Perhaps you've created a symbol on, say, on stave 5 and moved the cursor above stave 4 to place it. Now this symbol is attached to stave 5 and so when you redraw stave 5 the "wiping" referred to above wipes out stave 4! The moral is to make sure that the symbol is attached to the most relevant stave: that way when you move stave 4 up or down they will go with it, and when you justify or compress stave 4 the symbol will be moved to go with the music it refers to. If you imported or reloaded music created by NoteWorthy 1 you may have text or lines which are attached to the wrong stave: NoteWorthy 2 makes it difficult to attach text and lines to the wrong stave but the earlier version this was possible - and common! My text is too high, I need to move it lower (or higher) on the stave. The quickest way is to use Block Mode to highlight the text and then move it up or down. You may find that the cursors move the text more accurately than the mouse does - mice tend to wander. I work in Windows, and NoteWorthy won't start: it says I haven't enough memory. You may have many megabytes in your computer, but DOS programs use conventional memory. In fact NoteWorthy needs at least 512K of this. You need to allocate more DOS memory before Windows is run. This is a rather specialised area, but basically you should load all device drivers "high" in CONFIG.SYS, and also TSRs in AUTOEXEC.BAT. If you've never edited CONFIG.SYS before I advise you to get expert help. It's not difficult, but getting it wrong could leave you without a working system! How do I create a 12/8 time signature? Simply place a '1' and a '2' on the top line side-by-side with two separate presses of Alt-U. NoteWorthy 2 Manual release 1.0 Page 41 How do I make triplets or other irregular groupings of notes? For triplet quavers or other beamed notes the simplest is just to place a '3' with text mode over the beam. For crotchets or above you can place an angled line over with the '3' or even a curve! My printer prints out gobbledegook You're not using the right printer driver. If you're a Windows user you're used to Windows looking after the printer driving for you, but NoteWorthy is a DOS program and needs configuring. Run the NWSETUP program (Windows installation creates an icon for this) and select another printer. You can quite safely run through all the possible choices on the menu, trying a sample printout each time until one works. (Be sure to 'Exit and Save'!) When your printer sends rubbish, press Esc on the keyboard to halt printing and turn your printer off to avoid paper waste. If your computer then doesn't respond, Press Ctrl-Alt-Del to reboot (or halt in Windows). If no printer driver works, contact me. How can I use bits of NoteWorthy printout in my word-processor? The simplest way is via Windows. 1 Print your section of music to a .PCX file (whether you choose inverse or not depends on your word-processor - experiment to see). 2 Import it into your word-processor (see your WP manual or help text) This is how this manual was created! How do I save a second copy of the program to floppy disk for backup? You could do a second save to the floppy disk by selecting Esc File Directory and drive A: first. Don't forget to re-select drive C (or whatever) afterwards. However, the most convenient method may well be to make sure that you copy all the day's work to a backup (such as floppy disk). When you exit NoteWorthy you could copy all the newly-created files to floppy disk with the DOS command XCOPY *.NW A: /M The /M will copy all the files which have not been backed up yet, and then mark the files as having been backed up (so that next time you do this, these particular files won't be copied again). Alternatively you could use the /A switch rather than /M which will copy the same files but not mark them as having been backed up. You might do this if you have a separate backup regime which copies all today's files to disk or tape. All this is to do with the 'Archive Bit' on every file which marks whether it has been backed up yet. See your DOS manual for fuller information. NoteWorthy 2 Manual release 1.0 Page 42 APPENDIX A: The menu options This is a list of menu options available on the drop-down menus FILE New Create a new music file by wiping out the current one. Asks permission if work has not been saved. Save Save the current file in the current directory. Load Load a new file by wiping out the current one. Asks permission if work has not been saved. Merge Before Loads a file from the selection menu and inserts it before the current stave. Not available if the current stave is not the start of a system. Merge After Loads a file from the selection menu and inserts it after the current stave. Not available if the current stave is not the last of a system. Quit Finish the program without saving. Asks permission if work has not been saved. Exit Finish the program by saving the work in the current directory. Export Requests a first and last system number and filename and saves this in a file with the extension .NW$ on the current directory. Directory Change current directory or disk drive. PCX Print a section of the current screen into a PCX file for later use in a word-processing or other package. DOCUMENT Define Header Define header contents. Not available if header size still set at zero. Define Footer Define footer contents. Not available if footer size still set at zero. Header size Define header size in inches. Footer size Define footer size in inches. Background Repeated pressing of this B key will cycle the background colour through a range. This colour is saved in the initialisation file so will be effective on future runs until changed. Foreground Press F to change the foreground colour likewise. NoteWorthy 2 Manual release 1.0 Page 43 STAVES Append Add a new system below the last one. The construction of the new system will be the same as the last one in the document. Keyboard shortcut=Ctrl-N Insert above Insert one stave above the current stave. Insert below Insert one stave below the current stave. System with stave below Bind the current stave to the system below. Disabled if the current stave is already bound. Separate from below Unbind from the stave below. Disabled if already unbound. Bracket with stave Bracket the current stave with that below. Disabled if already bracketed. Remove bracket Unbracket the current stave from that below. Disabled if not bracketed. The last four operations can all be accessed by repeated pressing of the [ shortcut key. Compress left Compresses the whole system left from the current cursor by the compression percentage given in Options. Compress right Compresses the whole system right from the current cursor by the compression percentage given in Options. Justify Takes the part of the system to the right of the cursor and expands it so that the last object is at the very end of the defined width. Indent left Takes the current cursor position and cuts off the each stave of the current system to its left. Will not operate if there are objects on this stave to the left of the cursor. Indent right Takes the current cursor position and cuts off the each stave of the current system to its right. Will not operate if there are objects on this stave to the right of the cursor. Delete Deletes this stave. Will request verification. Shortcut = Del More space above Moves this stave down, together with all the staves below. Keyboard shortcut = F6 Less space above Moves this stave up, together with all the staves above. Keyboard shortcut=sh-F6 Add page break Add a forced page break after this system. If there is already a forced page break then the option changes to "remove page break" NoteWorthy 2 Manual release 1.0 Page 44 TRANSPOSE All up Transposes the whole music up one semitone, adjusting accidentals and key signatures accordingly. All down Transposes the whole music down one semitone, adjusting accidentals and key signatures accordingly. This stave up Transposes this stave only up one semitone. This stave down Transposes this stave only down on semitone. VIEW Full Screen Toggles zoom mode. Keyboard shortcut=F3 Preview Enters preview mode. Keyboard shortcut=alt-F2 Redraw Redraws the whole screen. Keyboard shortcut=F2 Repaginate Evaluates the positions of the page breaks according to page length given. PRINT Print to printer or file Prints the currently selected music in the currently selected page range, with the currently selected number of copies to the current printer. The menus which subsequently appear allow the user to select output to file or printer. If a file is chosen then a printer dump file is created, see page 32. Printer type Allows the printer to be changed, so that, for instance, a printer dump could be created for a printer other than that for which the printer has been defined by NWSETUP. This setting is not saved when the program finishes, but does remain set until that time. Specify Pages The range of pages to print can be specified. Enter the range as numbers separated by hyphens and commas, eg "1-5,6-9,12". If the input is given as a blank, then the page range is taken as "all". The default is "all". First Page This is a number which is added (less 1) to the page number field in headers or footers, so that a page range of (eg) 1-5 can be specified, but with First Page at 10, this would be printed as 10-14. If there are no "@P" fields in the header or footer then this value is not used. Number of copies Allows more than one copy to be printed. Default is 1. Page Length So that the page length can be changed temporarily along the same lines as Printer Type above. Option not saved when program halts. NoteWorthy 2 Manual release 1.0 Page 45 Printer Port Allows temporary change, as page length and printer type. Value is not saved when program halts. OPTIONS Note Length The default not length can be altered by selecting here. Shortcut keys are 1 to 8. Note Stem Alter the default note stem. Shortcut keys are J, P, I and O. Pulse Change the pulse (see page 26). The pulse can be set at any value from Semibreve to Demisemiquaver. Spacing Change the default spacing, 1-5. See page 26. Beaming Angle Change the default value. See page 26. Compression Change the percentage compression effective in compress left and right operations. See page 26ff. Noises/Silent Allows noise or silent running, and this setting remains in effect until changed again or the program finishes. List Options Show the available options. MODE Text Enter text mode. Keyboard shortcut=F9 Edit Enter edit mode. Keyboard shortcut=F10 Line Enter line mode. Keyboard shortcut=F11 Curve Enter curve mode. Keyboard shortcut=F12 Block Enter block mode. Keyboard shortcut=F8 Symbol Enter symbol mode. Keyboard shorcut=Ctrl-F12 Select Font Allows direct selection of the current font for text mode. Equivalent to choosing via F9 when starting text mode. GO TO System Allows direct movement to a given system Page Allows direct movement to a given page DOS Allows the user to shell to DOS to allow file renaming, copying, backup etc. Top Move to the top of the score. End Move to the last system in the score. NoteWorthy 2 Manual release 1.0 Page 46 APPENDIX B: NWSETUP and NW2.INI The program NWSETUP, when run (simply type the command NWSETUP or Windows users click the Setup icon), places a file called NW2.INI on the current directory of the disk. This file is read by NoteWorthy when it starts up, and contains a list of the parameters which are needed to customise your system for this package. When the program is run, a menu appears on the left where items can be selected with the up and down arrow keys and Enter. On selection, submenus will appear and responses selected in a similar manner. The box at the bottom of the screen contains the current settings. When the selection is complete the 'Finish' option can be selected, with the 'Save and Exit' option. This will cause the file NW2.INI to be saved to the current directory. If you have a monochrome screen and the text is hard to read then the program can be forced to run in Monochrome mode with the command NWSETUP MONO NoteWorthy 2 Manual release 1.0 Page 47 Appendix C: For Computer Novices In DOS, file names consist of two parts, the name (up to 8 characters) and the extension (up to 3 characters following a full stop). The idea is that the file extension gives some clue as to the nature or use of the file, and the name its contents or function. Thus all the NoteWorthy program files have names of "NW" and varying extensions. All the music files which it produces have names which you can define yourself, but extensions of ".NW". Thus the file selection screen only searches for files with extension ".NW". Your hard disk (probably drive C) is structured into directories, which have a name of up to 8 characters. This allows groups of related files to be stored together, and can include directories-within-directories. The best way to organise your NoteWorthy system is to place all the program files into a directory called C:\NW2 (that is, its name is "NW2", and it's on drive C at the very top of the directory tree), and the files grouped in subdirectories off this directory, eg C:\NW2\SONGS, C:\NW2\PIANO, C:\NW2\VIOLIN, etc. For a DOS user, the relevant computer commands you could use here are COPY, MD (make directory) and CD (change directory). Windows users can perform all these operations with the File Manager. DOS users: After you have installed your system, you can move to the NoteWorthy directory by typing CD \NW2 and create subdirectories with (eg) MD SONGS MD PIANO MD VIOLIN Now you are "sitting in" the C:\NW2 directory and you can run the NoteWorthy setup program by typing NWSETUP and answering the questions. This leaves a file NW2.INI in the directory for the program to use. Run NoteWorthy by typing NW2 or from Windows click the icon. and at the file selection screen (see page 5) you can move into the required directory by selecting the directory SONGS\, PIANO\ or VIOLIN\ before selecting New File or loading an old file. These notes are not intended to be a substitute for your DOS or Windows manual, but they may get you started quickly. Don't forget to keep a second backup copy of all your NoteWorthy files, either by copying them to floppy disk or some other way. One thing is certain: one day your hard disk will fail and you will probably lose all your hard work unless you have backed up your data. NoteWorthy 2 Manual release 1.0 Page 48 Appendix D: Names and Paths Files and Functions The following files are created on your directory by the installation process: Vital files - the system will not run without these: NW2.EXE The main program NW2.OVL and its overlay (must be kept together) NW2.HLP Help file NW2.F08 ) These are the high-density printer fonts, and the NW2.F13 ) program will not print in 24-pin or 300dpi modes NW2.F24 ) without them. NW2.F55 ) Definition files for the large text font NW2.F99 } Optional files NW2.TUT On-line tutorial NW2.ADD Addenda to manual (shift-F1) Ancillary programs NWSETUP.EXE NWSETUP program, creates file NW2.INI in current directory. If the file NW2.INI is not in the directory from which you run the program then the directory containing the program NW2.EXE is searched. If this does not contain the file then certain defaults are assumed: Monitor: EGA/VGA/Hercules as found in the system, colour assumed unless Hercules. Printer: Epson Density: Low Keyboard: Enhanced (AT) No page throw after printing No keyboard speed-up Printer port: LPT1 Page length: 10.8" All data files (NW2.HLP, NW2.TUT, NW2.ADD) are treated in the same way, ie the program first searches the current directory and failing that, the source directory. In addition, the program uses temporary files which should be deleted on exit, but might due to an error, be left on the disk. These files have names ERASE.ME, ERASE.ME2, DELETE.ME, DELETE.ME2 and can safely be erased after the program has run. NoteWorthy 2 Manual release 1.0 Page 49 Appendix E - Making the program run faster A. Keyboard speed moving a bar and placing it on another stave or generally reducing the complexity of the score. Transposition Error See the section on transposing on page 35. Undo turned off due to lack of disk space When NoteWorthy performs a justification, compression or edit (F10) it first saves the current line in a disk file in order that the user can undo his operation with F7 later. If there is insufficient disk space to save this stave then this message appears and the undo operation is not available. You could free up some disk space by shelling to DOS (Esc F2) and deleting .BAK files: DEL *.BAK Program Failure NoteWorthy is a program under continual development, and, like all software (though many authors or software houses do not admit it) will probably contain residual errors or 'bugs'. Hopefully these are minimal, but should a fatal program error occur then the screen will clear and a cryptic message appear highlighting the area within the program at which the error occurred. But more usefully, from the user's point of view, it offers to attempt to save your work. If you answer Y to this question then the current file is saved with the name ERROR$$$.NW, which you could rename (RENAME ERROR$$$.NW MYFILE.NW) and so attempt to salvage. NoteWorthy 2 Manual release 1.0 Page 50 Appendix F - note styles The key 0 (number zero) may be pressed a number of times in the creation or editing of a note. This alters the style in ways dependent on the actual duration of the note. The symbols available are 1 Small notes. Quavers etc can be beamed together just as for normal notes 2 Open-headed tailed notes. These can be used for shakes by beaming them 3 Crossed crotchets (and longer). Up to 2 strikethroughs are available, if more are required then they are available with the symbols under symbol mode.A 4 Cross-headed notes, again beaming is possible. Note that beaming is not possible between notes of differing styles, and beams must be removed before editing. NoteWorthy 2 Manual release 1.0 Page 51 Appendix G: Removing Noteworthy from your system When you installed NoteWorthy, you created a directory on a hard disk drive which contained all the program files, and you may have since added a configuration file (NW2.INI) and music files (*.NW) and possibly subdirectories to contain other music files as detailed in Appendix C. Whether you installed via DOS or Windows, no other files in any other directories will have been modified by the installation process. Specifically your AUTOEXEC.BAT and CONFIG.SYS files are not altered, and Windows users can be assured that no extra files have been placed in any Windows directories, neither are WIN.INI or SYSTEM.INI modified. Consequently a de-installation of NoteWorthy is very simple. If you wish to preserve your music files (*.NW) then copy them to a floppy disk or other backup medium. Then you are free to delete all files in the NoteWorthy directory and subdirectories (if you have created any). For instance, let us suppose you selected the default installation so that your NoteWorthy files are in C:\NW2 and you have created one subdirectory SONGS containing music files. To backup the music files Issue the DOS command XCOPY C:\NW2\*.NW A: /S to copy all *.NW files to floppy drive A: and include subdirectories (/S). Make sure that you do not receive any error messages such as "Disk Full" to indicate a failure of backup! If your files will not fit on one disk then you may have to copy them individually (see Frequently Asked Questions). Now you are ready to delete the subdirectory SONGS: DEL C:\NW2\SONGS\*.NW and remove the SONGS directory: RD C:\NW2\SONGS If this operation does not work, it probably indicates that you have other files in SONGS besides NoteWorthy music files. You had better back these up to floppy disk too! Now we are ready to delete the main NoteWorthy directory. In assuming that you have backed up any non-NoteWorthy files you may have created there: DEL C:\NW2\*.* and remove it with RD C:\NW2